Abstract：Lightweight porous composite structures have garnered significant attention in the field of advanced equipment due to their exceptional properties, including high specific strength, load-bearing capacity, and integrated vibration and noise reduction. Characterizing their vibro-acoustic properties and underlying control mechanisms serves as a critical foundation and scientific basis for structural design and optimization. This paper provides a concise summary of the mechanisms governing vibration damping, sound absorption, and sound insulation in lightweight porous composites. It systematically categorizes and reviews the recent research progress in the vibro-acoustic characteristics of emerging lightweight porous architectures, while identifying future developmental trends. The manuscript is organized as follows: first, the vibration control mechanisms of lightweight porous composites and the research advancements in the vibration-reduction properties of lattice structures are introduced. Subsequently, auxetic structures (negative Poisson's ratio) are classified by topological type, and their vibration characteristics are critically reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms for controlling sound absorption and insulation in acoustic metamaterials are elucidated, followed by a discussion on their evolutionary trends. Finally, a comprehensive outlook on the future development of lightweight porous composite structures within the field of vibration and noise control is presented.
2026, Vol. 47 
