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2026 Vol. 47, No. 5
Published: 2026-10-28
645
Research Progress on Vibration and Acoustic Characteristics of Lightweight Porous Composite Structures
Lightweight porous composite structures have garnered significant attention in the field of advanced equipment due to their exceptional properties, including high specific strength, load-bearing capacity, and integrated vibration and noise reduction. Characterizing their vibro-acoustic properties and underlying control mechanisms serves as a critical foundation and scientific basis for structural design and optimization. This paper provides a concise summary of the mechanisms governing vibration damping, sound absorption, and sound insulation in lightweight porous composites. It systematically categorizes and reviews the recent research progress in the vibro-acoustic characteristics of emerging lightweight porous architectures, while identifying future developmental trends. The manuscript is organized as follows: first, the vibration control mechanisms of lightweight porous composites and the research advancements in the vibration-reduction properties of lattice structures are introduced. Subsequently, auxetic structures (negative Poisson's ratio) are classified by topological type, and their vibration characteristics are critically reviewed. Furthermore, the mechanisms for controlling sound absorption and insulation in acoustic metamaterials are elucidated, followed by a discussion on their evolutionary trends. Finally, a comprehensive outlook on the future development of lightweight porous composite structures within the field of vibration and noise control is presented.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 645-685 [
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686
A review of the research progress of piezoelectric energy harvesting with acoustic metamaterials
Phononic crystals and acoustic metamaterials are artificially designed periodic/aperiodic material structures with special properties for regulating acoustic waves and elastic waves. They can be effectively applied to engineering fields such as vibration, noise control and energy harvester designs by combining metamaterials with piezoelectric materials. Through multi-physics energy coupling, high-performance piezoelectric energy harvesters with better output efficiency and larger frequency bandwidth can be designed to achieve wide-band and efficient collection of environmental vibration energy. Firstly, this paper introduces the concept, structural form and application state of acoustic metamaterials. Then, the basic concept of piezoelectric energy harvesting and the structure of energy harvesting device are introduced. Afterwards, classification of piezoelectric metamaterials based on their structural configuration and bandgap formation mechanisms?, and the application in energy harvesting is detailed. Subsequently, the regulation of different dielectric waves by piezoelectric metamaterials and the research and application direction of artificial intelligence combined with piezoelectric metamaterials are analyzed. The significant advances in piezoelectric energy harvesting research of acoustic metamaterials are summarized, and an outlook is provided on the intrinsic properties, structural design, energy dissipation mechanisms, complex environmental adaptability, and sophisticated manufacturing of piezoelectric metamaterials.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 686-712 [
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713
Research progress on shape measurement and deformation reconstruction of large spaceborne antennas
The fields of wireless communication, remote sensing, and mapping demand high-gain and wide-band spaceborne antennas. This urgent demand drives the development of modern antennas towards significantly larger sizes and higher surface accuracy. However, large spaceborne antennas possess intrinsically complex structural designs and must operate reliably in extreme and harsh space environments. These combined factors impose strict requirements for maintaining their on-orbit surface accuracy over time. Active surface control technology is an essential approach to ensure the optimal on-orbit performance of these large spaceborne systems. To achieve effective closed-loop control, the precise and real-time measurement of antenna deformation serves as a fundamental prerequisite. This review first systematically analyzes the various sources of antenna surface errors and delineates the negative impacts of these structural deviations on the overall electrical performance of the antenna. Furthermore, recent research progress and developments in active surface control strategies are presented. Following this analysis, mature direct surface measurement techniques currently available, including photogrammetry and laser measurement methods, are summarized. Their current application status and limitations in various ground-based experiments are also comprehensively evaluated. Subsequently, a major focus is placed on strain-based deformation reconstruction methods. The fundamental mathematical principles and historical development pathways of several key analytical techniques are systematically reviewed, detailing the specific practical applications of these diverse reconstruction algorithms in current antenna surface monitoring systems. Finally, the critical technical challenges and bottlenecks facing deformation reconstruction methods are thoroughly analyzed, particularly regarding their implementation in the surface monitoring of future large-scale spaceborne antennas. Concurrently, a detailed outlook on future development trends and potential technological breakthroughs is provided. Ultimately, this review aims to offer a valuable and robust reference for future academic research and engineering efforts.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 713-747 [
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748
Dynamic Modeling and Model Updating Method for Aerospace Hierarchical Structures
For aerospace hierarchical structures, accurate finite element models are crucial. They help predict structural response, monitor health status, and identify loads. However, the modeling process is always accompanied by simplifications, including structural idealization, material approximations, and neglect of manufacturing errors. Therefore, model predictions often deviate from actual dynamic behavior, making it difficult to accurately capture true mechanical properties under complex operating conditions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel modeling and updating method. This method comprises two key parts. First, a hybrid finite element model is constructed using shell and solid elements. Preloading is applied via a cooling method to ensure computational efficiency and numerical stability. Simultaneously, explicit rules are defined for shell dimensions and offset directions, which help maintain the geometric accuracy of contact definitions and ensure the correct transfer of mechanical behavior between elements. Second, a "building block" dynamic model updating strategy is developed. The aerospace structure is divided into three layers: parts, components, and assemblies. Modal testing is performed progressively at each layer. Subsequently, a hybrid optimization method is employed. This method combines a multi-island genetic algorithm with a sequential quadratic programming algorithm. The genetic algorithm handles the global search, while the quadratic programming is used to optimize local solutions. This combination enables efficient and accurate layer-by-layer updating of model parameters. The results show that this method transfers update effects from lower to higher levels and fixes them in place, thus significantly improving model fidelity. This paper provides a systematic solution for high-precision dynamic modeling of layered structures in aerospace applications. The method integrates preload effects, ensures geometric accuracy at hybrid element contacts, and enables experiment-guided layered model updates. It significantly narrows the gap between numerical predictions and actual dynamic responses. This method provides a robust approach to building high-fidelity dynamic models under complex loading conditions and has significant value for the design, analysis, and maintenance of complex aerospace structures.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 748-760 [
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761
Deep Learning-Based Identification of Key Parameters for Landing Gear Buffer Systems
To identify unmeasurable parameters in landing gear shock absorbers, such as the air polytropic index and orifice flow coefficient, a data-driven parameter identification method integrating a multi-scale convolutional neural network (MSCNN), bidirectional long short-term memory network (BiLSTM), and attention mechanism (AM) is proposed. Based on a nonlinear dynamic model of the oleo-pneumatic shock absorber, a mapping between drop-test response time series and system parameters is established. MSCNN is employed to extract multi-scale temporal features, while BiLSTM captures sequential dependencies. Attention mechanisms are further introduced in both feature and temporal dimensions to enhance the weighting of informative features and key time instants. Simulation results show that the mean relative error is below 1% under noise-free conditions. The robustness of the model was verified by adding measurement noise, reducing data dimensionality and decreasing the number of training samples, and the necessity of the design of each module in the network model was demonstrated through a series of ablation experiments. Compared with conventional temporal neural networks, the proposed method achieves superior accuracy and robustness, providing an effective approach for high-precision parameter identification of landing gear shock absorbers.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 761-778 [
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779
Collaborative design method for vibration and noise reduction-bearing capacity of helical cylindrical shells based on the local resonance mechanism
The advancement of deep-sea exploration demands shell structures for underwater vehicles that combine high hydrostatic pressure resistance, effective low-frequency vibration/noise suppression, lightweight design, and compact layout. In this study, a novel helical cylindrical shell is proposed, which is constructed by a cylindrical grid sandwich structure with mathematically equation-driven Archimedean spiral slits in the inner panel. The vibration and noise reduction mechanisms are investigated via theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods. Flexural wave bandgaps of the cylindrical shell are computed via the finite element method (FEM), and the generation mechanism is revealed through the vibrational modes of the unit cell. Furthermore, the vibration transmissibility obtained from FEM and experiments verifies the results of the flexural wave bandgap. A theoretically sound absorption model based on the electro-acoustic analogy method and a finite element model are established to compute the sound absorption coefficient, followed the domenstration of the absorption mechanism. It can be found that the proposed shell achieves multifunctional integration with lightweight, high load-bearing, and broadband flexural wave/noise suppression capacities, while preserving the external geometry and internal space. Specifically, it can withstand 10 MPa hydrostatic pressure. Band structure analysis reveals two vibration bandgaps around 400-450 Hz, while vibration transmission tests show an average reduction of 10 dB across 1-2000 Hz. A peak absorption coefficient of 0.854 is achieved at 661 Hz, with an effective bandwidth (coefficient ≥0.5) of 290 Hz (540-830 Hz). In addition, structural-fluid coupled vibration transmissibility reveals that the first trough shifts to a higher frequency by 135 Hz in underwater conditions. The proposed shell overcomes the limitations of traditional cylindrical shells with single functionality. The integrated design method combining spiral and sandwich structures offers novel insights for multifunctional shell design in underwater vehicles, and presents broad application prospects in deep-sea equipment.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 779-794 [
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795
Research on the Influence of Airfoil Shape and Thickness on the Aeroelastic Vibration
The airfoil-based flutter piezoelectric energy harvester can convert the vibrational energy of natural environmental fluids into usable electrical energy, thereby providing continuous self-powering for low-power wireless sensors and other micro-electromechanical systems for their entire operational life usually placed in remote or inaccessible places. However, the current airfoil-based flutter piezoelectric energy harvesters existed some bottleneck problems such as a relatively high critical airflow velocity, narrow working frequency bandwidth, and poor energy harvesting performance. To address these challenges, this paper numerically investigates the effect of the airfoil cross-sectional shapes and thickness parameters on the aerodynamic response by using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Therein, the airfoil is subjected to aerodynamic loads, and exerts a decisive influence on the aeroelastic vibration characteristics of the flutter piezoelectric energy harvester. First, the configuration of airfoil-based flutter piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed, and five airfoil cross-sectional shapes and five airfoil thicknesses are designed; Then, the finite volume simulation model is established, the governing equations of the airfoil-based flutter is derived, and the simulation methods as well as parameters are selected; Finally, the aeroelastic vibration characteristics under different cross-sectional shapes and airfoil thicknesses are investigated numerically. The results demonstrate that the airfoil cross-sectional shape and thickness significantly affect the aeroelastic vibration response. The asymmetric S-shaped and concave-convex airfoils exhibited a larger aerodynamic moment over the symmetric airfoils. Compared with other airfoil shapes, the symmetric airfoil generates largest aerodynamic force of 12.23 N and lowest moment of 0.20 N·m at 18 m/s, thereby achieving a larger aeroelastic vibration response. When the airflow velocity is 18 m/s, the oscillation displacement of 0.047 m for the symmetric airfoil is obtained. When the thickness of symmetrical airfoil is designed to be 30 mm, the aerodynamic force of 29.73 N is acquired, and thus the larger aeroelastic vibration response is obtained. These findings provide valuable guidance for designing the high-efficient airfoil-based flutter piezoelectric energy harvester, and promotes the actual applications in the low-power wireless sensor systems.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 795-803 [
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Research on Vibration Suppression Performance of ISD Vehicle Suspension with Time-Delayed Acceleration Feedback Control
To enhance vehicle ride comfort while ensuring driving safety and handling stability, this study analyzes the vibration attenuation characteristics and parameter optimization for an Inerter-Spring-Damper (ISD) suspension system with time-delayed acceleration feedback control. A dynamic model of the ISD suspension incorporating time-delayed acceleration feedback is established. Based on the sprung mass acceleration, suspension dynamic deflection, and tire dynamic load as performance evaluation indices, a multi-objective optimization function is constructed. The optimized values of the inertia coefficient, feedback gain coefficient, and time delay are proposed, and the vibration suppression performance of the suspension under different control configurations is analyzed and compared. The results indicate that increasing the inertia coefficient helps enhance the stability of the active ISD suspension system. Compared to conventional passive suspensions and passive ISD suspensions, the active ISD suspension with optimally configured feedback gain coefficient and time delay parameters further improves ride comfort, characterized by a significant reduction in the peak sprung mass acceleration, while the suspension dynamic deflection and tire dynamic load remain strictly within acceptable limits, which ensures driving safety and handling stability. This study reveals the synergistic mechanism between time-delayed acceleration feedback and the inerter in vibration suppression, providing new insights and a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance vehicle suspension systems.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 804-815 [
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A Multimodal General Foundation Model for Intelligent Fault Diagnosis of Aero-engine Rotor System
Intelligent fault diagnosis for aero-engine rotor systems is of great importance for ensuring flight safety and improving maintenance efficiency. However, the high scarcity of authentic fault data and class imbalance in aero-engine rotors severely constrain the performance of existing intelligent diagnosis models in few-shot scenarios. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a multimodal general foundation model for intelligent fault diagnosis based on contrastive learning. The proposed method constructs a cross-modal alignment framework between vibration frequency-domain features and structured Chinese natural language descriptions A Transformer-based general foundation model is pre-trained on large-scale general rotating machinery datasets to learn universal "signal-semantic" fault representations. During the fine-tuning phase, condition-aware semantic s are introduced to inject the operating state information of the target equipment into the model, thereby guiding rapid adaptation under few-shot diagnostic scenarios. Experimental results on rotor system datasets demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a diagnostic accuracy of 73.11% in the one-shot setting, representing an improvement of nearly 40% over existing methods. When the number of samples per class increases to ten, the accuracy further improves to 99.23%. Ablation studies indicate that model pre-training and operating-condition s significantly accelerate convergence. These results suggest that the proposed method exhibits strong generalization capability and few-shot adaptability, providing an efficient and reliable intelligent diagnostic solution for high-value equipment such as aero-engines.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 816-826 [
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827
Dynamic Reconstruction and Refined Design of a Nonlinear Vibration Isolator Based on Double-Layer Conical Kresling Origami
To meet the vibration isolation demands of low-orbit panel-type satellite equipment subjected to low-frequency and large-amplitude excitations, this study proposes a dynamic reconstruction method and a refined design framework for a double-layer conical Kresling-origami vibration isolator. The potential-energy model of a single-layer conical unit indicates that, as geometric parameters vary, the energy landscape may evolve from a single-well to a double-well form, implying multistability and negative-stiffness-induced nonlinearity. By matching positive and negative stiffness, a quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) isolator with high-static–low-dynamic characteristics can be realized. However, quasi-static cyclic compression–tension tests conducted on origami isolators with different parameters reveal that, in addition to strong nonlinearity, pronounced hysteresis occurs during large deformation, indicating that dynamic models based on the rigid-origami assumption cannot accurately describe the actual response. To address this issue, an equivalent dynamic model is reconstructed via sparse identification. Small-amplitude vibration tests are used to identify the damping and linear stiffness parameters. A physics-based hysteresis model is then employed as a surrogate to extract and classify response features, and an equivalent governing equation incorporating both nonlinearity and hysteresis is finally obtained through sparse identification. Based on the reconstructed model, refined tuning is performed by matching a positive-stiffness elastic element and optimizing the preload, resulting in a prototype with a wide QZS region. Performance tests demonstrate that the proposed isolator maintains an effective isolation onset frequency of 2 Hz under low-frequency, large-amplitude excitation. The present work provides a new technical route for the refined design and engineering application of vibration isolators incorporating negative-stiffness elements.To meet the vibration isolation demands of low-orbit panel-type satellite equipment subjected to low-frequency and large-amplitude excitations, this study proposes a dynamic reconstruction method and a refined design framework for a double-layer conical Kresling-origami vibration isolator. The potential-energy model of a single-layer conical unit indicates that, as geometric parameters vary, the energy landscape may evolve from a single-well to a double-well form, implying multistability and negative-stiffness-induced nonlinearity. By matching positive and negative stiffness, a quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) isolator with high-static–low-dynamic characteristics can be realized. However, quasi-static cyclic compression–tension tests conducted on origami isolators with different parameters reveal that, in addition to strong nonlinearity, pronounced hysteresis occurs during large deformation, indicating that dynamic models based on the rigid-origami assumption cannot accurately describe the actual response. To address this issue, an equivalent dynamic model is reconstructed via sparse identification. Small-amplitude vibration tests are used to identify the damping and linear stiffness parameters. A physics-based hysteresis model is then employed as a surrogate to extract and classify response features, and an equivalent governing equation incorporating both nonlinearity and hysteresis is finally obtained through sparse identification. Based on the reconstructed model, refined tuning is performed by matching a positive-stiffness elastic element and optimizing the preload, resulting in a prototype with a wide QZS region. Performance tests demonstrate that the proposed isolator maintains an effective isolation onset frequency of 2 Hz under low-frequency, large-amplitude excitation. The present work provides a new technical route for the refined design and engineering application of vibration isolators incorporating negative-stiffness elements.
2026 Vol. 47 (5): 827-838 [
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