深海海底沉积物声学特性原位测量试验研究

doi:10.6038/cjg2020N0427

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摘要由于实验室测试环境条件与深海海底的原位温压环境存在较大的差异，取样测量的沉积物声学参数通常偏离海底原位状态的真实值.该文利用深水型压载式沉积声学原位测量系统，在水深超过5000 m的西太平洋海域开展了沉积物声学原位测量试验，准确获取了深海底原位状态下沉积物的声速和声衰减系数，并同步采集了沉积物柱状样品.结果显示，实验室测量的沉积物声速、声衰减系数均高于原位测量结果.通过温压校正和数据—模型对比表明，实验室声速比与原位声速比存在较大的差异，难以通过温压校正模型和频散模型完全改正，这可能与深海沉积物的结构扰动有关.较之浅海沉积物，软弱的深海沉积物结构更易受到采样过程的扰动，因而深海沉积物的声学特性测量更为困难，这表明在深海海底声学研究采用原位测量技术具有必要性.该研究标志着我国海底声学研究由浅海走向深海，对推动海底声学的深入研究具有重要意义.

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关键词 ：海底沉积物, 声学特性, 原位测量, 深海

Abstract：Due to the obvious differences between the laboratory environment and the in situ environment, the seafloor sediment acoustic properties measured in laboratory usually deviate from the actual results measured by the in situ measurement method. This study measured the acoustic properties of sediments in Western Pacific area (deeper than 5000 meters) using the Ballast In Situ Acoustic Measurement System (BISAMS). The measurements accurately obtained the sound speed and attenuation of seafloor sediments, and collected the sediment samples simultaneously to measure the acoustic properties and physical properties. The measurement results showed that both the laboratory sound speed and attenuation were higher than the in situ measured data. The data-model comparisons indicated that the differences between the laboratory and the in situ sound speed can't be entirely corrected by the temperature-pressure correction model and by the dispersion model. This may be due to the influence on the acoustic properties from the sediment structure disturbance, which is present during the sediment sampling and transporting. As the deep sea sediments are soft and weak, the structure are more easily destroyed than that of the shallow sea sediments. Therefore, the in situ measurement method has an obvious advantage, and will be widely used in deep sea seafloor acoustic study field. This study marked that the seafloor acoustic researches are being approached from shallow water to deep sea.

Key words： Seafloor sediment In situ measurement Acoustic property Deep sea

收稿日期: 2019-12-04

PACS:

P738

基金资助:青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室主任基金（QNLM201703），水声对抗技术重点实验室开放基金（编号略）；国家自然科学基金（41706062，41676055）；泰山学者工程专项经费项目（TSPD20161007）资助.

通讯作者: 李官保,男,1976年出生,高级工程师,主要从事海洋地球物理研究.E-mail:gbli@fio.org.cn E-mail: gbli@fio.org.cn

作者简介: 王景强,男,1989年出生,助理研究员,主要从事海底声学研究.E-mail:wangjqfio@fio.org.cn

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http://www.geophy.cn//CN/10.6038/cjg2020N0427 或 http://www.geophy.cn//CN/Y2020/V63/I12/4463

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