ZHOU Zheng,
WU Juan,
WANG GuoZhi et al
.2020.Cenozoic accelerated erosion of the Emeishan, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),63(4): 1370-1385,doi: 10.6038/cjg2020N0193
Cenozoic accelerated erosion of the Emeishan, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau
ZHOU Zheng1, WU Juan1, WANG GuoZhi1, DENG JiangHong1, DENG Bin1, LUO Qiang1, JIANG Lei1, LIU ShuGen1, DENG Bin1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation/Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; 2. Institute für Geowissenschaften, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72074, Germany
Abstract：Based on low-temperature thermochronology data, e.g., AFT, ZHe and ZFT, it suggests a coupling correlation between the deformation and cooling processes and thermochronology data at the Emeishan area, eastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. AFT and ZHe ages range from 4 Ma to 30 Ma, and from 16 Ma to 118 Ma, respectively. In particular, there is a distinct relationship between ZHe ages and their elevation, indicating of zircon paleo-PRZ here. Furthermore, the AFT ages at hanging wall of the Wanniansi fault are younger than 10 Ma, in contrast to ages larger than 10 Ma at the footwall, indicating of foreward thrusting and erosion process occurred at the Emeishan area. The thermal histories modeled with AFT, ZHe and ZFT data suggest accelerated erosion occurred after Late Cretaceous in the Emeishan, with rate of 0.2~0.4 mm·a-1 after Oligocene, and there is a total magnitude of rock uplift with 7~8 km at the basement-involved deformation zone. We thus argued that the mount-building processes and their uplift dynamics in the Emeishan should be attributed to the northeastward continental subduction of the Lhasa and Qiangtang blocks and initial extrusion of the eastern Asian block since the mid-Eocene across the eastern Tibetan Plateau.
Aitken A R A. 2011. Did the growth of Tibetan topography control the locus and evolution of Tien Shan mountain building? Geology, 39(5):459-462, doi:10.1130/G31712.1. An Y F, Han Z J, Wan J L. 2008. Fission track dating of the Cenozoic uplift in Mabian area, southern Sichuan Province, China. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 51(9):1238-1247, doi:10.1007/s11430-008-0105-5. Burchfiel B C, Chen Z L, Liu Y, et al. 1995. Tectonics of the Longmen Shan and adjacent regions, central China. International Geology Review, 37(8):661-735, doi:10.1080/00206819509465424. Chung S L, Lo C H, Lee T Y, et al. 1998. Diachronous uplift of the Tibetan Plateau starting 40 Myr ago. Nature, 394(6695):769-773, doi:10.1038/29511. Chung S L, Chu M F, Zhang Y Q, et al. 2005. Tibetan tectonic evolution inferred from spatial and temporal variations in post-collisional magmatism. Earth-Science Reviews, 68(3-4):173-196, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2004.05.001. Clark M K, Royden L H. 2000. Topographic ooze:Building the eastern margin of Tibet by lower crustal flow. Geology, 28(8):703-706. Clark M K, House M A, Royden L H, et al. 2005. Late Cenozoic uplift of southeastern Tibet. Geology, 33(6):525-528, doi:10.1130/G21265.1. DeCelles P G, Nucea M N, Kapp P, et al. 2009. Cyclicity in cordilleran orogenic systems. Nature Geoscience, 2(4):251-257, doi:10.1038/ngeo469. Deng B, Liu S G, Li Z W, et al. 2009. Uplifting characteristics in eastern margin area of Tibetan Plateau:Evidence from low-temperature thermochronology. Quaternary Sciences (in Chinese), 29(3):574-585. Deng B, Liu S G, Li Z W, et al. 2013. Differential exhumation at eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, from apatite fission-track thermochronology. Tectonophysics, 591:98-115, doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2012.11.012. Deng B, Liu S G, Wang G Z, et al., 2013. Cenozoic uplift and exhumation in southern Sichuan Basin-Evidence from low-temperature thermochronology. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 56(6):1958-1973, doi:10.6038/cjg20130618. Deng B, Liu S G, Enkelmann E, et al. 2015. Late Miocene accelerated exhumation of the Daliang Mountains, southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 104(4):1061-1081, doi:10.1007/s00531-014-1129-z. Deng B, Liu S G, Jiang L, et al., 2018. Tectonic uplift of the Xichang Basin (SE Tibetan Plateau) revealed by structural geology and thermochronology data. Basin Research, 30(1):75-96, doi:10.1111/bre.12243. Deng J, Wang Q F, Li G J, et al. 2014. Cenozoic tectono-magmatic and metallogenic processes in the Sanjiang region, southwestern China. Earth-Science Reviews, 138:268-299, doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.05.015. Ding L, Zhong D L, Yin A, et al. 2001. Cenozoic structural and metamorphic evolution of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis (Namche Barwa). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 192(3):423-438, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00463-0. England P, Molnar P. 1990. Right-lateral shear and rotation as the explanation for strike-slip faulting in eastern Tibet. Nature, 344(8):140-142, doi:10.1038/344140a0. Eroǧlu S, Siebel W, Danišik M, et al. 2013. Multi-system geochronological and isotopic constraints on age and evolution of the Gaoligongshan metamorphic belt and shear zone system in western Yunnan, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 73:218-239, doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.03.031. Farley K A, Wolf R A, Silver L T. 1996. The effects of long alpha-stopping distances on (U-Th)/He ages. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60(21):4223-4229, doi:10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00193-7. Gallagher K, Brown R, Johnson C. 1998. Fission track analysis and its applications to geological problems. Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences, 26(1):519-572, doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.26.1.519. Godard V, Pik R, Lavé J, et al. 2009. Late Cenozoic evolution of the central Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet:Insight from (U-Th)/He thermochronometry. Tectonics, 28(5):TC5009, doi:10.1029/2008TC002407. Huang Z C, Wang P, Xu M J, et al. 2015. Mantle structure and dynamics beneath SE Tibet revealed by new seismic images. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 411:100-111, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.040. Hubbard J, Shaw J H. 2009. Uplift of the Longmen Shan and Tibetan plateau, and the 2008 Wenchuan (M=7.9) earthquake. Nature, 458(12):194-197, doi:10.1038/nature07837. Jia C Z, Li B L, Lei Y L, et al. 2013. The structure of Circum-Tibetan Plateau Basin-Range System and the large gas provinces. Science China Earth Sciences, 56(11):1853-1863, doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4649-7. Jia D, Wei G Q, Chen Z X, et al. 2006. Longmen Shan fold-thrust belt and its relation to the western Sichuan Basin in central China:New insights from hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Bulletin, 90(9):1425-1447. Jin W J, He D F, Lei Z Y, et al. 2012. Uplift of southeastern Tibet and Sanjiang area during Cenozoic era-Thermal inversion analysis from fission track data. Chinese Journal of Geology (in Chinese), 47(3):714-729. Ketcham R A, Donelick R A, Carlson W D. 1999. Variability of apatite fission-track annealing kinetics; III, Extrapolation to geological time scales. American Mineralogist, 84(9):1235-1255. Kirby E, Reiners P W, Krol M A, et al. 2002. Late Cenozoic evolution of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Inferences from 40Ar/39Ar and (U-Th)/He thermochronology. Tectonics, 21(1):1001, doi:10.1029/2000TC001246. Lacombe O, Bellahsen N. 2016. Thick-skinned tectonics and basement-involved fold-thrust belts:insights from selected Cenozoic orogens. Geological Magazine, 153(5-6):763-810, doi:10.1017/S0016756816000078. Lai Q Z, Ding L, Wang H W, et al. 2007. Constraining the stepwise migration of the eastern Tibetan Plateau margin by apatite fission track thermochronology. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 50(2):172-183. Lee H Y, Chung S L, Wang J R, et al. 2003. Miocene Jiali faulting and its implications for Tibetan tectonic evolution. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 205(3-4):185-194. Lei Y L, Gong D H, Wang X M, et al. 2008. Discussion about using different modes of apatite fission track thermochronology to constrain cooling histories of rocks:an example from the batholith in Dulong river region, west Yunnan. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 23(2):422-432. Leloup P H, Lacassin R, Tapponnier P, et al. 1995. The Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone (Yunnan, China), Tertiary transform boundary of Indochina. Tectonophysics, 251(1-4):3-10, 13-84. Leloup P H, Arnaud N, Lacassin R, et al. 2001. New constraints on the structure, thermochronology, and timing of the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, SE Asia. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 106(B4):6683-6732. Li C, Van Der Hilst R D, Meltzer A S, et al. 2008. Subduction of the Indian lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau and Burma. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 274(1-2):157-168. Li S H, Deng C L, Yao H T, et al. 2013. Magnetostratigraphy of the Dali Basin in Yunnan and implications for late Neogene rotation of the southeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 118(3):791-807. Li Z W, Liu S G, Chen H D, et al. 2012. Spatial variation in Meso-Cenozoic exhumation history of the Longmen Shan thrust belt (eastern Tibetan Plateau) and the adjacent western Sichuan basin:Constraints from fission track thermochronology. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47:185-203. Lin T H, Lo C H, Chung S L, et al. 2009. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the Jiali and Gaoligong shear zones:Implications for crustal deformation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 34(5):674-685. Liu F L, Wang F, Liu P H, et al. 2013a. Multiple metamorphic events revealed by zircons from the Diancang Shan-Ailao Shan metamorphic complex, southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Gondwana Research, 24(1):429-450. Liu F L, Wang F, Liu P H, et al. 2015. Multiple partial melting events in the Ailao Shan-Red River and Gaoligong shan complex belts, SE Tibetan Plateau:Zircon U-Pb dating of granitic leucosomes within migmatites. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 110:151-169. Liu S G, Ma Y S, Sun W, et al. 2008. Studying on the differences of Sinian natural gas pools between Weiyuan gas field and Ziyang gas-brone area, Sichuan basin. Acta Geologica Sinica (in Chinese), 82(3):328-337. Liu S G, Deng B, Li Z W, et al. 2012. Architecture of basin-mountain systems and their influences on gas distribution:a case study from the Sichuan Basin, South China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 47:204-215. Liu S G, Deng B, Jansa L, et al. 2013b. Late Triassic thickening of the Songpan-Garzê Triassic flysch at the edge of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. International Geology Review, 55(16):2008-2015. Meng K, Wang E, Wang G. 2016. Uplift of the Emei Shan, western Sichuan Basin:implication for eastward propagation of the Tibetan Plateau in Early Miocene. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 115:29-39. Molnar P. 1988. Continental tectonics in the aftermath of plate tectonics. Nature, 335(6186):131-137. Ouimet W, Whipple K, Royden L H, et al. 2010. Regional incision of the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Lithosphere, 2(1):50-63. Reiners P W, Spell T L, Nicolescu S, et al. 2004. Zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometry:He diffusion and comparisons with 40Ar/39Ar dating. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 68(8):1857-1887. Reiners P W, Brandon M T. 2006. Using thermochronology to understand orogenic erosion. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 34:419-466. Replumaz A, Negredo A M, Guillot S, et al. 2010. Multiple episodes of continental subduction during India/Asia convergence:Insight from seismic tomography and tectonic reconstruction. Tectonophysics, 483(1-2):125-134. Richardson N J, Densmore A L, Seward D, et al. 2008. Extraordinary denudation in the Sichuan Basin:Insights from low-temperature thermochronology adjacent to the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 113(B4):B04409, doi:10.1029/2006JB004739. Roger F, Calassou S, Lancelot J, et al. 1995. Miocene emplacement and deformation of the Konga Shan granite (Xianshui He fault zone, west Sichuan, China):Geodynamic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 130(1-4):201-216. Roger F, Malavieille J, Leloup Ph H, et al. 2004. Timing of granite emplacement and cooling in the Songpan-Garze Fold Belt (eastern Tibetan Plateau) with tectonic implications. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 22(5):465-481. Royden L H, Burchfiel B C, Van Der Hilst R D. 2008. The geological evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. Science, 321(1054):1054-1058. Sato K, Liu Y Y, Zhu Z C, et al. 2001. Tertiary paleomagnetic data from northwestern Yunnan, China:further evidence for large clockwise rotation of the Indochina block and its tectonic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 185(1-2):185-198. Seward D, Burg J P. 2008. Growth of the Namche Barwa Syntaxis and associated evolution of the Tsangpo Gorge:Constraints from structural and thermochronological data. Tectonophysics, 451(1-4):282-289. Shi X B, Qiu X L, Liu H L, et al. 2006. Cenozoic cooling history of Lincang granitoid batholith, western Yunnan:Evidence from fission track data. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 49(1):135-142. Stewart R J, Hallet B, Zeitler P K, et al. 2008. Brahmaputra sediment flux dominated by highly localized rapid erosion from the easternmost Himalaya. Geology, 36(9):711-714. Stuwe K, White L, Brown R. 1994. The influence of eroding topography on steady-state isotherms. Application to fission track analysis. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 124(1-4):63-74. Tan X B, Lee Y H, Chen W Y, et al. 2014. Exhumation history and faulting activity of the southern segment of the Longmen Shan, eastern Tibet. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 81:91-104. Tapponnier P, Xu Z Q, Roger F, et al. 2001. Oblique stepwise rise and growth of the Tibet Plateau. Science, 294(5547):1671-1677. Tian Y T, Kohn B P, Gleadow A J W, et al. 2013a. Constructing the Longmen Shan eastern Tibetan Plateau margin:Insights from low-temperature thermochronology. Tectonics, 32(3):576-592, doi:10.1002/tect.20043. Tian Y T, Kohn B P, Gleadow A J W, et al. 2013b. A thermochronological perspective on the morphotectonic evolution of the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 119(1):676-698, doi:10.1002/2013JB010429. Wang E, Kirby E, Furlong K P, et al. 2012a. Two-phase growth of high topography in eastern Tibet during the Cenozoic. Nature Geoscience, 5(9):640-645, doi:10.1038/ngeo1538. Wang G, Wan J L, Wang E Q. 2006. Extensional collapse of the southern part of the Gaoligong range in the western Yunnan, China and its tectonic origin. Acta Geologica Sinica (in Chinese), 80(9):1262-1273. Wang S F, Jiang G G, Xu T D, et al. 2012b. The Jinhe-Qinghe fault-an inactive branch of the Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang fault zone, Eastern Tibet. Tectonophysics, 544-545:93-102. Wilson C J L, Fowler A P. 2011. Denudational response to surface uplift in east Tibet:Evidence from apatite fission-track thermochronology. GSA Bulletin, 123(9-10):1966-1987, doi:10.1130/B30331.1. Wolf R A, Farley K A, Kass D M. 1998. Modeling of the temperature sensitivity of the apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometer. Chemical Geology, 148(1-2):105-114. Xiang S Y, Ma X M, Zhaixi Z R, et al. 2007. Record of apatite fission track of the different uplift in both sides of Jiali fault belt since late Cenozoic. Earth Science, 32:615-621. Xu G Q, Kamp P J J. 2000. Tectonics and denudation adjacent to the Xianshuihe fault, eastern Tibetan Plateau:Constraints from fission track thermochronology. Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth, 105(B8):19231-19251. Zhang B, Zhang J J, Zhong D L. 2013. Structure, kinematics and ages of transpression during strain-partitioning in the Chongshan shear zone, western Yunnan, China. Journal of Structural Geology, 32(4):445-463. Zhang G W, Guo A L, Wang Y J, et al. 2013. Tectonics of South China continent and its implications. Science China Earth Sciences, 56(11):1804-1828, doi:10.1007/s11430-013-4679-1. Zhang P Z, Shen Z K, Wang M, et al. 2004a. Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plateau from global positioning system data. Geology, 32(9):809-812. Zhang Y Q, Chen W, Yang N. 2004b. 40Ar/39Ar dating of shear deformation of the Xianshuihe fault zone in west Sichuan and its tectonic significance. Science in China Ser. D Earth Sciences, 47(9):794-803. Zhu C Q, Xu M, Yuan Y S, et al. 2010. Palaeogeothermal response and record of the effusing of Emeishan basalts in the Sichuan basin. Chinese Science Bulletin, 55(10):949-956. 附中文参考文献 邓宾, 刘树根, 李智武等. 2009. 青藏高原东缘地区隆升作用特征-低温年代学证据. 第四纪研究, 29(3):574-585. 邓宾, 刘树根, 王国芝等. 2013. 四川盆地南部地区新生代隆升剥露研究——低温热年代学证据. 地球物理学报, 56(6):1958-1973, doi:10.6038/cjg20130618. 贾承造, 李本亮, 雷永良等. 2013. 环青藏高原盆山体系构造与中国中西部天然气大气区. 中国科学:地球科学, 43(10):1621-1631. 金维浚, 何登发, 雷振宇等. 2012. 青藏高原东南部及三江地区新生代构造隆升-来自裂变径迹热史反演分析. 地质科学, 47(3):714-729. 雷永良, 龚道好, 王先美等. 2008. 应用裂变径迹不同模式约束岩体冷却史的初步探讨-以滇西独龙江岩体为例. 地球物理学进展, 23(2):422-432. 刘树根, 马永生, 孙玮等. 2008. 四川盆地威远气田和资阳含气区震旦系油气成藏差异性研究. 地质学报, 82(3):328-337. 施小斌, 丘学林, 刘海龄等. 2006. 滇西临沧花岗岩基新生代剥蚀冷却的裂变径迹证据. 地球物理学报, 49(1):135-142. 王刚, 万景林, 王二七. 2006. 高黎贡山脉南部的晚新生代构造-重力垮塌及其成因. 地质学报, 80(9):1262-1273. 张国伟, 郭安林, 王岳军等. 2013. 中国华南大陆构造与问题. 中国科学:地球科学, 43(10):1553-1582. 朱传庆, 徐明, 袁玉松等. 2010. 峨眉山玄武岩喷发在四川盆地的地热学响应. 科学通报, 55(6):474-482. 李小明, 谭凯旋, 龚革联等. 2000. 裂变径迹法对兰坪盆地构造热演化与成矿作用的初步研究. 矿物岩石, 20(2):40-42.
| 
