龙门山断裂带形成过程及其地应力状态模拟

doi:10.6038/cjg2018L0386

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摘要以龙门山附近区域运动特征以及深部岩体力学特性为基本条件，采用FLAC模拟软件计算模拟分析了龙门山断裂形成过程和塑性区分布的几何特征.研究结果认为：汶川—茂县断裂F1、映秀—北川断裂F2和灌县—安县断裂F3是从中部开始发育，塑性区上侧逐渐发展至地表；F1断层首先出现，以后才依次形成F2和F3断层.这些塑性区的发育方向与水平面的夹角大致呈40°左右，并出现了各自的共轭断层，与实际的龙门山断裂大致吻合，说明区域构造运动是龙门山断层产生的主因.论文还揭示了区域构造运动过程中区块内主应力的变化规律，主要分为2个阶段，一是在区块挤压初期，主应力随着区块位移量的增大而增大；二是主应力相对稳定阶段，区块岩体内的主应力保持相对稳定的状态，达到临界破坏岩体的最大最小主应力比值一般介于3.31~4.39.

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关键词 ：板块运动, 龙门山断裂带, 形成过程, 数值模拟, 地应力状态

Abstract：Based on characteristics of tectonic movement around the Longmenshan Mountains and mechanical properties of deep rock mass, we applied the software FLAC to analyze the formation process of Longmenshan fault zone and the geometrical distribution characteristics of plastic belts. The study suggests that the Wenchuan-Maoxian fault F1, Yingxiu-Beichuan fault F2 and Guanxian-Anxian fault F3 began to shape from the middle, then the upper plastic region gradually developed to the surface. The fault F1 first appeared, successively followed by F2 and F3. The angle between these plastic zones's development directions and the horizontal plane was approximately 40 degrees, with their own conjugate faults which were roughly consistent with the actual Longmenshan fault zone. It indicates that regional tectonic movement was the main cause for the generation of the Longmenshan fault. This study also revealed the variation law of block's principal stress during regional tectonic movement. It included 2 stages. Firstly, in the early stage of block compression, principal stress increased with the growing block's displacement. Secondly, the principal stress remains relatively stable, while the ratio of the maximum to minimum principal stress as the critical failure rock was generally between 3.31~4.39.

Key words： Plate motion Longmenshan fault zone Formation process Numerical simulation Crustal stress state

收稿日期: 2017-08-18

PACS:

P315

基金资助:国家自然科学基金重点项目（51434006）资助.

作者简介: 师皓宇,男,1979年生,内蒙古化德县人,华北科技学院安全工程学院副教授,中国矿业大学(北京)在读博士,主要从事矿山压力、数值模拟等方面的研究工作.E-mail:shihaoyu2000@163.com

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http://manu39.magtech.com.cn/Geophy/CN/10.6038/cjg2018L0386 或 http://manu39.magtech.com.cn/Geophy/CN/Y2018/V61/I5/1817

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