台风“梅花”诱发平流层重力波的数值模拟与AIRS观测

doi:10.6038/cjg20150707

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摘要为了分析台风这类强对流诱发平流层重力波的过程,本文利用中尺度数值模式WRF-ARW(V3.5)和卫星高光谱红外大气探测器AIRS数据对2011年第9号强热带气旋"梅花"的重力波特征进行了分析.首先,针对模式输出的垂直速度场资料的分析表明,台风在对流层各个方向上几乎都具有诱发重力波的能量,而在平流层内则呈现出只集中于台风中心以东的半圆弧状波动,且重力波到达平流层后其影响的水平范围可达1000 km.此外,平流层波动与对流层雨带在形态、位置以及尺度上均具有一定的相似性.其次,对风场的分析结果表明,不同高度上波动形态的差异主要是由于重力波垂直上传的过程中受到了平流层向西传的背景风场以及风切变的调制作用,揭示了重力波逆着背景流垂直上传的特征.随后,基于FFT波谱分析的结果表明,"梅花"诱发的平流层重力波水平波长中心值达到了1000 km,周期在15~25 h,垂直波长主要在8~12 km.最后,利用AIRS观测资料分析了平流层30~40 km高度上的大气波动,得到了与数值模拟结果相一致的半圆弧状波动.对比结果也验证了WRF对台风诱发平流层重力波的波动形态、传播方向、不同时刻扰动强度的变化以及影响范围的模拟效果.此外,也揭示了多资料的结合对比有助于更加全面地了解台风诱发平流层重力波的波动特征.

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	洪军
	姚志刚
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关键词 ：平流层, 重力波, WRF, 数值模拟, AIRS

Abstract：Atmospheric wave transport momentum from lower to higher altitudes and have important effects on the general circulation. Typhoon is a significant source of stratospheric gravity waves. The purpose of this study is to investigate the propagation direction, wavelength and period of the typhoon-induced gravity waves with the numerical model and validate its simulation capability by satellite observations.The WRF model is used to reconstruct the Typhoon "Muifa" (2011). The gravity wave parameters including horizontal wavelengths, vertical wavelengths and periods are estimated by the three-dimensional FFT wave spectrum analysis. The AIRS observations data is used to analyze the stratospheric gravity wave features and validate the model outputs.The vertical velocity field from model outputs shows that the typhoon has the energy to induce gravity waves nearly in all directions of the troposphere, while in the stratosphere the waves are only concentrated in the east of the typhoon center, and the range can reach 1000 km when the gravity waves propagate to the stratosphere. In addition, the stratospheric gravity waves and the spiral rain bands have some similarities in the pattern, location and scale. Furthermore, the wind analysis indicates that the differences of gravity waves at different heights mainly result from the modulation of westward background wind and wind shear, which happens in the process of vertical propagation. It reveals that the gravity waves mainly propagate against the background wind field. Then the FFT wave spectral analysis reveals that the gravity wave has the horizontal wavelengths of approximately 1000 km, the periods of 15~25 h, and the vertical wavelengths of 8~12 km at 25 km height. At last, AIRS observations show semicircular arc waves at 30~40 km height, which are similar to those shown at lower heights in the WRF model.This study indicates that the WRF model can reasonably reproduce the stratospheric gravity waves in terms of pattern, propagation and scope. It also reveals that the data from different techniques are complementary for stratospheric gravity wave analysis. Finally, the AIRS observations show great application potential in stratospheric gravity waves analysis.

Key words： Stratosphere Gravity waves WRF Numerical simulation AIRS

收稿日期: 2014-09-26

PACS:	P401
	P405
	P407

基金资助:国家公益性行业专项(GYHY201406011);国家自然科学基金项目(41375024);部级重点课题(QX2015040311A12005)共同资助.

作者简介: 洪军,男,1989年生,硕士研究生,主要从事平流层重力波的数值模拟与分析研究.E-mail: 505673726@qq.com

链接本文:

http://www.geophy.cn/CN/10.6038/cjg20150707 或 http://www.geophy.cn/CN/Y2015/V58/I7/2283

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